Active SARS-CoV-2 Enzymes
In addition to antigens, antibodies and cell-surface receptors, The Native Antigen Company offers various recombinant SARS-CoV-2 enzymes under investigation as targets for the development of novel antivirals. These proteins are biologically active as determined by enzymatic and inhibiting biochemical assays and can be used in a broad variety of research and drug development applications. To facilitate purification and binding in assays, our enzymes also include C- or N-terminal his-tags. Click the buttons below for more information. Click here to see our full coronavirus range.
RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp)
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is an enzyme that is crucial to life cycle of RNA viruses including coronaviruses, catalysing the synthesis of viral RNA, possibly in complex with nsp7 and nsp8 (Gao et al., 2020). Given its central role in the coronavirus life cycle, RdRp is a prime target for nucleotide analog inhibitors, such as remdesivir.
RdRp activity determined by detection of pyrophosphate (PPi) generated during nascent strand synthesis by a chemiluminescent coupled assay method using ATP sulfurylase and luciferase.
Papain-Like Protease (PLpro)
SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) is a cysteine protease that acts on three cleavage sites of the viral polyprotein to release mature non-structural proteins (NSP) 1, 2 and 3 (Kandeel et al., 2020). PLpro also strips ubiquitin and ISG15 from host-cell proteins to help coronaviruses to evade the host innate immune responses. PLpro is therefore involved in inhibiting the production of cytokines and chemokines, that are responsible for the activation of the host innate immune response against viral infection. Consequently, PLpro is an important molecular target in the design of various different SARS-CoV-2 antivirals.
DUB-specific activity of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro at different concentrations.
3C-Like Protease (3CLpro)
SARS-CoV-2 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro) is the 5th non-structural protein (NSP) that uses cysteine activity to cleave the C-terminus of the large replicase polyprotein, 1ab at no fewer than 11 sites (Zhang et al., 2020). The functional importance of 3CLpro in the viral life cycle makes this protease an attractive target for the development of drugs directed against SARS-CoV-2.
The protease specific activity of 3CLpro was determined to be 4170 pmol/min/mg at an enzyme concentration of 1.2 µM.
Our Coronavirus Range
The Native Antigen Company offers an extensive and growing range of SARS-CoV-2 antigens, suitable for a variety of applications, including assay development, vaccine screening, neutralisation testing, immunofluorescence, surface plasmon resonance and academic research. We also offer a variety of monoclonal and polyclonal coronavirus antibodies for use in immunoassays, Western blots, neutralisation assays, surface plasmon resonance and X-ray crystallography. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike (CR3022) IgG antibodies are available in both humanised and rabbit-derived forms, in addition to a humanised IgM. An anti-Spike IgA monoclonal with affinity for the SARS-CoV-2/SARS-CoV RBD is also available.
The Native Antigen Company also offers an extensive and growing range antigens for SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E and HCoV-HKU1. These antigens are suitable for a variety of applications, including assay development, vaccine screening, neutralisation testing, immunofluorescence, surface plasmon resonance and academic research.